Middleton grew up in Berkshire and after attending Marlborough College, went to the University of St Andrews, where she met Prince William, also studying there, in 2001. They started a relationship, followed by media attention, triggering complaints by Middleton that the media were harassing her. In April 2007, the press reported that William and Middleton had split up. They continued to be friends, and later in 2007 they reunited. Since then, Middleton has attended many high-profile royal events. She has been admired for her fashion sense and has been placed on numerous "best dressed" lists.
Middleton was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading, Berkshire, the first of three children of Michael Francis Middleton (born 1949), a flight dispatcher in 1980 and an airline officer in 1982 for British Airways, and Carole Elizabeth Middleton (born 1955, née Goldsmith), a flight attendant. Michael and Carole were married on 21 June 1980 at the Parish Church of Dorney, Buckinghamshire. In 1987 Michael and Carole Middleton founded Party Pieces, a mail order company that sells party supplies and decorations. They have since become millionaires.
Middleton was raised in Bucklebury, Berkshire. She is of English descent, but with a few distant Scottish and French Hugenot ancestors. Her paternal family came from Leeds, West Yorkshire, and her great-grandmother Olivia was a member of the Lupton family, who were active for generations in Leeds in commercial and municipal work. Carole Middleton's maternal family, the Harrisons, were working class labourers and miners from County Durham. Middleton has two siblings, Philippa "Pippa" Charlotte and James William. Pippa Middleton, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, has received press coverage since her sister became famous, with focus on her relationships and lifestyle.
Education
Middleton was educated at St. Andrew's School in the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire in South East England, and Marlborough College, a co-educational independent school in the market town of Marlborough in Wiltshire in South West England, followed by the University of St Andrews in the town of St Andrews in Fife, where she met Prince William and graduated with a 2:1 (Hons) in the History of Art.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01- Check the CORRECT sentence according to the text:
a) William and Kate met eight years ago.
b) Michael Francis is Kate's brother
c) William and Kate split up in 2006
d) Kate has three siblings
e) Kate is a fashionable Reading citizen
02- James William is Prince William's _____________.
a) uncle
b) nephew
c) half brother
d) brother-in-law
e) brother
03- Kate Middleton met Prince William in___________.
a) Leeds
b) Reading
c) St. Andrews
d) Buckleberry
e) Dorney
04- Choose the CORRECT sentence according to the text
a) Currently Michael Francis is a flight attendant.
b) Michael and Carole got married in Dorney.
c) Kate was born in Buckleberry.
d) Kate is a graduate of the University of Edinburgh.
e) Michael and Carole have always been millionaires.
05- Party Pieces was founded in _________________.
a) nineteen eighty seven
b) nineteen eighty two
c) nineteen eighty one
d) nineteen eighty four
e) nineteen eighty five
domingo, 27 de maio de 2012
Abigail and Brittany
Abigail "Abby" Loraine Hensel and Brittany "Britty" Lee Hensel (born March 7, 1990 in Carver County, Minnesota, US) are dicephalic parapagus twins, meaning that they are conjoined twins of whom each has a separate head, but whose bodies are joined. They are highly symmetric, giving the appearance of having just a single body with little variation from normal proportion. In fact, several vital organs are doubled up, each woman having a separate heart, stomach, spine and spinal cord.
Each twin controls half their body, operating one of the arms and one of the legs. This means that as infants, the initial learning of physical processes that required bodily coordination, such as clapping, crawling, and walking required the cooperation of both children. While each is able to eat and write separately and simultaneously, activities such as running and swimming must be coordinated and alternate symmetrically. Other activities as diverse as brushing hair and driving a car require that each twin perform a sequence of quite separate actions that coordinate with the other. Abigail and Brittany are notable both for their rare physiology and for the many successes that they have achieved in overcoming this physical challenge in their individual and corporate lives.
Background
Abigail and Brittany Hensel were born in Carver County, Minnesota, the daughters of Patty, a registered nurse, and Mike Hensel, a carpenter and landscaper. The twins have a younger brother named Dakota, or Koty for short, a younger sister named Morgan, and a dog named Sadie. They were raised in New Germany and attended Lutheran High School in Mayer, Minnesota.
Physiology
The Hensel twins have a single body with separate heads and necks, a chest that is wider than normal, two arms and two legs. At birth they had a rudimentary arm attached to a shoulder blade at the back. The arm was removed, leaving the shoulder blade.
Abigail's head tilts laterally outward about 5 degrees to the right while Brittany's head tilts laterally at about 15 degrees to the left, causing Brittany to appear to be slightly the shorter. At age 12, they underwent surgery at Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare to correct
scoliosis and to expand their chest cavity to prevent future difficulties with breathing.
Each of the twins manages one side of their conjoined body. The sense of touch of each is restricted to her body half; They are effective in cooperatively using their limbs when both hands or both legs are required.
By coordinating their efforts, they are able to walk, run, swim and ride a bicycle normally — all tasks that they learned at a normal speed. Together, they can type on a computer keyboard at a normal speed and drive a car.
Organ distribution
Abigail and Brittany have individual organs in the upper part of their body while most of the organs located at or below the level of the navel are shared, the exception being the spinal cord.
2 heads
2 spines
2 completely separate spinal cords
2 arms (originally 3, but rudimentary central arm was surgically removed, leaving central shoulder blade in place)
1 broad ribcage with two 2 highly fused sternums and traces of bridging ribs. Surgery was employed to expand the pleural cavities
2 breasts
2 hearts (nutrition, respiration, medicine taken by either affects both)
4 lungs
1 diaphragm
2 stomachs
2 gallbladders
1 liver, enlarged and elongated right lobe
Y-shaped small intestine which experiences a slightly spastic double peristalsis at the juncture
1 large intestine with one colon
3 kidneys: 2 left, 1 right
1 bladder
1 set of reproductive organs
2 separate half-sacrums, which converge distally
1 slightly broad pelvis
2 legs
Separation
Upon their birth, their parents rejected the option to attempt surgical separation after hearing from doctors that it was not likely that both girls would survive the operation. As the girls grew and learned to walk and develop other skills, the parents confirmed their decision against separation, arguing that the quality of life for the surviving twin or twins living separately would be less than their quality of life as conjoined beings.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
1- Choose the correct item according to the text:
a) Koty and Morgan are the twins' siblings
b) Morgan is Patty's sister
c) Dakota is Mike Hensel's brother
d) Abigail and Brittany can't swim
e) The twins were raised in Germany
2- The twins are ______________years old.
a) twenty
b) twenty one
c) twenty two
d) twenty three
e) twenty four
3- Check the correct alternative according to the text:
*The conjoined twins have
a) one stomach
b) three arms
c) three kidneys
d) one heart
e) two large intestines
4- Choose the correct item according to the text:
a) Morgan Hensel is a nurse
b) Dakota Hensel is a carpenter
c) Dakota is older than the twins
d) Mike Hensel is a landscaper
e) The twins were born in Mayer
5- The twins live in ______________.
a) Germany
b) New Germany
c) South Dakota
d) North Dakota
e) St. Paul
Each twin controls half their body, operating one of the arms and one of the legs. This means that as infants, the initial learning of physical processes that required bodily coordination, such as clapping, crawling, and walking required the cooperation of both children. While each is able to eat and write separately and simultaneously, activities such as running and swimming must be coordinated and alternate symmetrically. Other activities as diverse as brushing hair and driving a car require that each twin perform a sequence of quite separate actions that coordinate with the other. Abigail and Brittany are notable both for their rare physiology and for the many successes that they have achieved in overcoming this physical challenge in their individual and corporate lives.
Background
Abigail and Brittany Hensel were born in Carver County, Minnesota, the daughters of Patty, a registered nurse, and Mike Hensel, a carpenter and landscaper. The twins have a younger brother named Dakota, or Koty for short, a younger sister named Morgan, and a dog named Sadie. They were raised in New Germany and attended Lutheran High School in Mayer, Minnesota.
Physiology
The Hensel twins have a single body with separate heads and necks, a chest that is wider than normal, two arms and two legs. At birth they had a rudimentary arm attached to a shoulder blade at the back. The arm was removed, leaving the shoulder blade.
Abigail's head tilts laterally outward about 5 degrees to the right while Brittany's head tilts laterally at about 15 degrees to the left, causing Brittany to appear to be slightly the shorter. At age 12, they underwent surgery at Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare to correct
scoliosis and to expand their chest cavity to prevent future difficulties with breathing.
Each of the twins manages one side of their conjoined body. The sense of touch of each is restricted to her body half; They are effective in cooperatively using their limbs when both hands or both legs are required.
By coordinating their efforts, they are able to walk, run, swim and ride a bicycle normally — all tasks that they learned at a normal speed. Together, they can type on a computer keyboard at a normal speed and drive a car.
Organ distribution
Abigail and Brittany have individual organs in the upper part of their body while most of the organs located at or below the level of the navel are shared, the exception being the spinal cord.
2 heads
2 spines
2 completely separate spinal cords
2 arms (originally 3, but rudimentary central arm was surgically removed, leaving central shoulder blade in place)
1 broad ribcage with two 2 highly fused sternums and traces of bridging ribs. Surgery was employed to expand the pleural cavities
2 breasts
2 hearts (nutrition, respiration, medicine taken by either affects both)
4 lungs
1 diaphragm
2 stomachs
2 gallbladders
1 liver, enlarged and elongated right lobe
Y-shaped small intestine which experiences a slightly spastic double peristalsis at the juncture
1 large intestine with one colon
3 kidneys: 2 left, 1 right
1 bladder
1 set of reproductive organs
2 separate half-sacrums, which converge distally
1 slightly broad pelvis
2 legs
Separation
Upon their birth, their parents rejected the option to attempt surgical separation after hearing from doctors that it was not likely that both girls would survive the operation. As the girls grew and learned to walk and develop other skills, the parents confirmed their decision against separation, arguing that the quality of life for the surviving twin or twins living separately would be less than their quality of life as conjoined beings.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
1- Choose the correct item according to the text:
a) Koty and Morgan are the twins' siblings
b) Morgan is Patty's sister
c) Dakota is Mike Hensel's brother
d) Abigail and Brittany can't swim
e) The twins were raised in Germany
2- The twins are ______________years old.
a) twenty
b) twenty one
c) twenty two
d) twenty three
e) twenty four
3- Check the correct alternative according to the text:
*The conjoined twins have
a) one stomach
b) three arms
c) three kidneys
d) one heart
e) two large intestines
4- Choose the correct item according to the text:
a) Morgan Hensel is a nurse
b) Dakota Hensel is a carpenter
c) Dakota is older than the twins
d) Mike Hensel is a landscaper
e) The twins were born in Mayer
5- The twins live in ______________.
a) Germany
b) New Germany
c) South Dakota
d) North Dakota
e) St. Paul
terça-feira, 24 de abril de 2012
polysemy three
SUBJECT MATTER: POLYSEMY
A)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
smart sound spruce stern tart tie tip trunk usher vault vessel
1.___________ quick-witted; intelligent.
2.___________ an arched construction of stone, concrete, brick, or the like that forms a roof or ceiling, as in some churches.
3.___________ any of various evergreen trees that have short, densely growing, needlelike leaves and bear hanging cones.
4.____________ the sensation that results when the organs of hearing are stimulated by certain vibrations.
5.____________ a hollow device used as receptacle, esp. for liquids; container.
6.____________ the rear or back part of anything, esp. a nautical vessel. (Cf. bow3, stem3.)
7.____________ the extreme end, esp. of something slender, tapered, or pointed.
8.____________ to fasten, secure, or bind with a cord or string.
9.____________ the main stem of a tree.
10.___________ one who escorts people to their seats in a church, theater, stadium, or the like.
11.___________ sour or acid in taste; sharp; biting.
B)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
smart sound spruce stern tart tie tip trunk usher vault vessel
1.__________ to cause or feel sharp but not serious pain.
2.__________ a strongly built room or compartment in which valuable things are stored, as in a bank.
3.__________ firm and uncompromising.
4.__________ neat, stylish, or smartly dressed or groomed.
5.__________ a structure designed for traveling on water; large boat; ship.
6.__________ one of the groom's attendants in a wedding.
7.__________ (informal) a prostitute.
8.__________ in surgery, a long, slender device used to examine bodily cavities.
9.__________ the prehensile nasal appendage of the elephant; proboscis.
10.__________ a competition in which the final score is the same for each side.
11.__________ a small gift, usu. money, given in appreciation for a service rendered.
A)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
smart sound spruce stern tart tie tip trunk usher vault vessel
1.___________ quick-witted; intelligent.
2.___________ an arched construction of stone, concrete, brick, or the like that forms a roof or ceiling, as in some churches.
3.___________ any of various evergreen trees that have short, densely growing, needlelike leaves and bear hanging cones.
4.____________ the sensation that results when the organs of hearing are stimulated by certain vibrations.
5.____________ a hollow device used as receptacle, esp. for liquids; container.
6.____________ the rear or back part of anything, esp. a nautical vessel. (Cf. bow3, stem3.)
7.____________ the extreme end, esp. of something slender, tapered, or pointed.
8.____________ to fasten, secure, or bind with a cord or string.
9.____________ the main stem of a tree.
10.___________ one who escorts people to their seats in a church, theater, stadium, or the like.
11.___________ sour or acid in taste; sharp; biting.
B)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
smart sound spruce stern tart tie tip trunk usher vault vessel
1.__________ to cause or feel sharp but not serious pain.
2.__________ a strongly built room or compartment in which valuable things are stored, as in a bank.
3.__________ firm and uncompromising.
4.__________ neat, stylish, or smartly dressed or groomed.
5.__________ a structure designed for traveling on water; large boat; ship.
6.__________ one of the groom's attendants in a wedding.
7.__________ (informal) a prostitute.
8.__________ in surgery, a long, slender device used to examine bodily cavities.
9.__________ the prehensile nasal appendage of the elephant; proboscis.
10.__________ a competition in which the final score is the same for each side.
11.__________ a small gift, usu. money, given in appreciation for a service rendered.
domingo, 22 de abril de 2012
polysemy two
a)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
apron ash bandy bang bar bark draw plug Pole screwdriver steer
1. __________ an object made of cork, rubber, wood, or the like used to block an opening.
2.___________ the harsh sound made by a dog.
3.___________ a tool for turning a screw, consisting of a shank that fits the head of the screw and a handle or mechanism for turning the shank.
4._____________ to control the course of a vehicle or the like.
5. ___________ the soft residue that remains after combustion.
6.____________ a sudden, loud, explosive sound.
7.____________ anything that acts as a restraint or hindrance.
8.____________ to exchange or pass back and forth between two or more people, often competitively.
9.____________ a game or contest that ends in a tie.
10.____________ a garment covering all or part of the
front of the body, usu. worn to protect the wearer's clothing.
11.____________ a native or citizen of Poland, or a descendant thereof
b)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
apron ash bandy bang bar bark draw plug pole screwdriver steer
1._________ one of two contrasting positions or attitudes.
2._________ the outside covering of the trunks, branches, and roots of woody plants.
3._________ to portray something with a pen or pencil; sketch.
4._________ the legal profession; lawyers collectively.
5._________ a castrated male ox or other bovine animal, usu. raised for its meat.
6._________ a small, compact piece of tobacco.
7._________ any of a group of trees that are related to the olive and have winged seeds and compound leaves.
8.__________ (vulgar) to have sexual intercourse with.
9.__________ of legs, curved outward; bowed.
10._________ a drink made of vodka and orange juice.
11._________ the paved strip at or bordering an airport, on which planes are parked, loaded, and maneuvered.
apron ash bandy bang bar bark draw plug Pole screwdriver steer
1. __________ an object made of cork, rubber, wood, or the like used to block an opening.
2.___________ the harsh sound made by a dog.
3.___________ a tool for turning a screw, consisting of a shank that fits the head of the screw and a handle or mechanism for turning the shank.
4._____________ to control the course of a vehicle or the like.
5. ___________ the soft residue that remains after combustion.
6.____________ a sudden, loud, explosive sound.
7.____________ anything that acts as a restraint or hindrance.
8.____________ to exchange or pass back and forth between two or more people, often competitively.
9.____________ a game or contest that ends in a tie.
10.____________ a garment covering all or part of the
front of the body, usu. worn to protect the wearer's clothing.
11.____________ a native or citizen of Poland, or a descendant thereof
b)Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition.
apron ash bandy bang bar bark draw plug pole screwdriver steer
1._________ one of two contrasting positions or attitudes.
2._________ the outside covering of the trunks, branches, and roots of woody plants.
3._________ to portray something with a pen or pencil; sketch.
4._________ the legal profession; lawyers collectively.
5._________ a castrated male ox or other bovine animal, usu. raised for its meat.
6._________ a small, compact piece of tobacco.
7._________ any of a group of trees that are related to the olive and have winged seeds and compound leaves.
8.__________ (vulgar) to have sexual intercourse with.
9.__________ of legs, curved outward; bowed.
10._________ a drink made of vodka and orange juice.
11._________ the paved strip at or bordering an airport, on which planes are parked, loaded, and maneuvered.
segunda-feira, 24 de outubro de 2011
O. J. SIMPSON
Orenthal James "O. J." Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed "The Juice", is a retired American football player, football broadcaster, actor, and convicted felon. Simpson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985.
Simpson was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Eunice (née Durden; October 23, 1921 – San Francisco, California, November 9, 2001), a hospital administrator, and Jimmy Lee Simpson (Arkansas, January 29, 1920 – San Francisco, California, June 9, 1986), a chef and bank custodian.
As a child, Simpson developed rickets and wore braces on his legs until the age of five. His parents separated in 1952. On June 24, 1967, Simpson married Marguerite L. Whitley. Together they had three children: Arnelle L. Simpson (born December 4, 1968), Jason L. Simpson (born April 21, 1970) and Aaren Lashone Simpson (born September 24, 1977). In 1979, Aaren drowned in the family's swimming pool a month before her second birthday. That same year Simpson and Whitley divorced.
On February 2, 1985, Simpson married Nicole Brown. They had two children, Sydney Brooke Simpson (born October 17, 1985) and Justin Ryan Simpson (born August 6, 1988), and were divorced in 1992.
Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman were murdered on June 12, 1994. Simpson was charged with their deaths and subsequently acquitted of all criminal charges in a controversial criminal trial. In the unanimous jury findings of a civil court case in February 1997, Simpson was found liable for the wrongful death of Ronald Goldman and battery of Nicole Brown.
In 1995, Simpson was acquitted of the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy, internationally publicized criminal trial — the People v. Simpson. In September 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with numerous felonies, including armed robbery and kidnapping. In 2008 he was found guilty and sentenced to 33 years imprisonment, with a minimum of 9 years without parole. He is currently serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock, Nevada.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01- Choose the correct alternative according to the text:
a) Justin Ryan is Simpson's youngest son.
b) Simpson's dad was a bank teller.
c) Jason Simpson is Nicole Brown's son.
d) The Juice wore braces on his legs until 1951.
e) Marguerite Whitley and O. J. Simpson had two children.
02- When O. J. Simpson's parents separated, he was ___________years old.
a) four
b) five
c) six
d) seven
e) eight
03- Check the correct sentence according to the text:
* O. J. Simpson...
a) ...is Ronald Goldsman's cousin.
b) ...killed his first wife.
c) ...is currently in prison.
d) ...is sixty two years old.
e) ...is a former bank custodian.
04- Marguerite Whitley and O. J. Simpson were married for __________years.
a) nine
b) ten
c) eleven
d) twelve
e) thirteen
05- Simpson and Whitley divorced in ______________________.
a) nineteen sixty seven
b) nineteen sixty eight
c) nineteen seventy
d) nineteen seventy seven
e) nineteen seventy nine
06- What happened first?
a) Nicole Brown's murder
b) Aaren Simpson's death
c) Simpson's prison in Lovelock
d) O. J. Simpson's second marriage
e) The separation of O. J. Simpson's parents
Simpson was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Eunice (née Durden; October 23, 1921 – San Francisco, California, November 9, 2001), a hospital administrator, and Jimmy Lee Simpson (Arkansas, January 29, 1920 – San Francisco, California, June 9, 1986), a chef and bank custodian.
As a child, Simpson developed rickets and wore braces on his legs until the age of five. His parents separated in 1952. On June 24, 1967, Simpson married Marguerite L. Whitley. Together they had three children: Arnelle L. Simpson (born December 4, 1968), Jason L. Simpson (born April 21, 1970) and Aaren Lashone Simpson (born September 24, 1977). In 1979, Aaren drowned in the family's swimming pool a month before her second birthday. That same year Simpson and Whitley divorced.
On February 2, 1985, Simpson married Nicole Brown. They had two children, Sydney Brooke Simpson (born October 17, 1985) and Justin Ryan Simpson (born August 6, 1988), and were divorced in 1992.
Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman were murdered on June 12, 1994. Simpson was charged with their deaths and subsequently acquitted of all criminal charges in a controversial criminal trial. In the unanimous jury findings of a civil court case in February 1997, Simpson was found liable for the wrongful death of Ronald Goldman and battery of Nicole Brown.
In 1995, Simpson was acquitted of the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy, internationally publicized criminal trial — the People v. Simpson. In September 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with numerous felonies, including armed robbery and kidnapping. In 2008 he was found guilty and sentenced to 33 years imprisonment, with a minimum of 9 years without parole. He is currently serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock, Nevada.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01- Choose the correct alternative according to the text:
a) Justin Ryan is Simpson's youngest son.
b) Simpson's dad was a bank teller.
c) Jason Simpson is Nicole Brown's son.
d) The Juice wore braces on his legs until 1951.
e) Marguerite Whitley and O. J. Simpson had two children.
02- When O. J. Simpson's parents separated, he was ___________years old.
a) four
b) five
c) six
d) seven
e) eight
03- Check the correct sentence according to the text:
* O. J. Simpson...
a) ...is Ronald Goldsman's cousin.
b) ...killed his first wife.
c) ...is currently in prison.
d) ...is sixty two years old.
e) ...is a former bank custodian.
04- Marguerite Whitley and O. J. Simpson were married for __________years.
a) nine
b) ten
c) eleven
d) twelve
e) thirteen
05- Simpson and Whitley divorced in ______________________.
a) nineteen sixty seven
b) nineteen sixty eight
c) nineteen seventy
d) nineteen seventy seven
e) nineteen seventy nine
06- What happened first?
a) Nicole Brown's murder
b) Aaren Simpson's death
c) Simpson's prison in Lovelock
d) O. J. Simpson's second marriage
e) The separation of O. J. Simpson's parents
segunda-feira, 17 de outubro de 2011
A town in Scotland
DOLLAR
Dollar (Scottish Gaelic: Dolair) is a small town in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated between the Ochil Hills range to the north and the River Devon to the south. Dollar is on the A91 road, which runs from Stirling to St. Andrews. The town is around 3 miles east of Tillicoultry. The parish of Muckhart extends right up to the eastern edge of Dollar, despite Muckhart's much smaller size. This encompassed Dollar Mine and Pitgober.
The Town
The major attraction in Dollar is the five hundred year-old Castle Campbell, lowland seat of the Duke of Argyll, where Mary, Queen of Scots, once lived in the 16th century. The residence was chosen for its proximity to the court in Edinburgh and Clackmannan Tower, Alloa, Stirling Castle and Linlithgow Palace.
The walk to the castle is a vigorous ascent by a spectacular series of paths, bridges and walkways within the deep gorges of the glen and its tributaries. Unfortunately, the most spectacular section has had to be closed due to the risk of landslip (a part of which was re-opened Summer 2007), but alternative routes are available. There is also a road, accessible by car, to the castle for the less energetic.
Dollar Academy is the world's oldest co-educational boarding school, with a 70-acre (280,000 m2) campus set in the shadow of the Ochil Hills in the village of Dollar, Clackmannanshire. Founded in 1818 by Captain John McNabb, it is one of Britain's largest independent schools, with 1,400 pupils on its rolls from the ages of 5 to 18, and one of the few Scottish independent schools situated outside of Edinburgh and Glasgow.
While it has a reputation as one of the sportiest schools in Britain, it is, according to The Scotsman, Scotland's best-performing school academically, with 95% of Fifth Years passing three or more Highers in 2007. The national average is just 22%.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01-Check the correct sentence according to the text:
a) Dollar lies in England
b) Clackmannanshire is a small town
c) Dollar Academy is the world's oldest school
d) Castle Campbell was built in the 16th century
e) Castle Campbell lies in Dollar
02- Choose the correct item according to the text:
a) Dollar lies near Edinburgh
b) Castle Campbell is five thousand years old
c) Dollar is a large town
d) Dollar Academy lies in Glasgow
e) Dollar Academy lies in Edinburgh
03- ___________is a large city.
a) Stirling
b) Glasgow
c) St. Andrew
d) Tillicoultry
e) Muckhart
04- Dollar Academy was founded in the ___________century.
a) seventeenth
b) eighteenth
c) nineteenth
d) twentieth
e) twenty first
05- The word “glen” means:
a) a mountain
b) a river
c) a lake
d) a valley
e) a cave
Dollar (Scottish Gaelic: Dolair) is a small town in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated between the Ochil Hills range to the north and the River Devon to the south. Dollar is on the A91 road, which runs from Stirling to St. Andrews. The town is around 3 miles east of Tillicoultry. The parish of Muckhart extends right up to the eastern edge of Dollar, despite Muckhart's much smaller size. This encompassed Dollar Mine and Pitgober.
The Town
The major attraction in Dollar is the five hundred year-old Castle Campbell, lowland seat of the Duke of Argyll, where Mary, Queen of Scots, once lived in the 16th century. The residence was chosen for its proximity to the court in Edinburgh and Clackmannan Tower, Alloa, Stirling Castle and Linlithgow Palace.
The walk to the castle is a vigorous ascent by a spectacular series of paths, bridges and walkways within the deep gorges of the glen and its tributaries. Unfortunately, the most spectacular section has had to be closed due to the risk of landslip (a part of which was re-opened Summer 2007), but alternative routes are available. There is also a road, accessible by car, to the castle for the less energetic.
Dollar Academy is the world's oldest co-educational boarding school, with a 70-acre (280,000 m2) campus set in the shadow of the Ochil Hills in the village of Dollar, Clackmannanshire. Founded in 1818 by Captain John McNabb, it is one of Britain's largest independent schools, with 1,400 pupils on its rolls from the ages of 5 to 18, and one of the few Scottish independent schools situated outside of Edinburgh and Glasgow.
While it has a reputation as one of the sportiest schools in Britain, it is, according to The Scotsman, Scotland's best-performing school academically, with 95% of Fifth Years passing three or more Highers in 2007. The national average is just 22%.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01-Check the correct sentence according to the text:
a) Dollar lies in England
b) Clackmannanshire is a small town
c) Dollar Academy is the world's oldest school
d) Castle Campbell was built in the 16th century
e) Castle Campbell lies in Dollar
02- Choose the correct item according to the text:
a) Dollar lies near Edinburgh
b) Castle Campbell is five thousand years old
c) Dollar is a large town
d) Dollar Academy lies in Glasgow
e) Dollar Academy lies in Edinburgh
03- ___________is a large city.
a) Stirling
b) Glasgow
c) St. Andrew
d) Tillicoultry
e) Muckhart
04- Dollar Academy was founded in the ___________century.
a) seventeenth
b) eighteenth
c) nineteenth
d) twentieth
e) twenty first
05- The word “glen” means:
a) a mountain
b) a river
c) a lake
d) a valley
e) a cave
A town in France
CONDOM
Condom is a commune in south-western France in the department of Gers. This town was a bishopric from 1317 to 1792. Paris lies 567 km away and Toulouse lies 95 km away. The average temperature throughout the year is 15ºC and its website is www.condom.org.
Condom is a town on the Via Podiensis, one of the three major French arms of the pilgrimage route, the Way of St. James. This particular route begins in Le Puy and ends in Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain. Pilgrims arrive at Condom after Miradoux and continue on to Larressingle.
Name
Given the more widespread social use, in the English language, of the word condom, it is interesting to note that the town is located on the river Baïse; baise, without the diaeresis, is a French vulgarism for a sexual act. In European French however, a condom is usually called préservatif rather than a condom. It is also home to a museum of famous population-control devices.
Main sights
Condom is the site of two castles, the Château de Mothes and the Château de Pouypardin, both started in the 13th century. In total, 19 sites in Condom are listed as monuments historiques by the French Ministry of Culture, including the cathedral, churches and houses.
Condom is known for the production of Armagnac, an international music festival of "bandas", an international chess tournament and an international chess marathon. It is also known for its tourism with farm campings and boating on waterways.
01- Choose the correct alternative according to the text:
a) Condom is a Spanish town
b) The Condom Cathedral is a historic monument
c) Santiago de compostela lies in France
d) Baise means condom in France
e) diaeresis is a French vulgarism for a sexual act
02- Armagnac is a …
a) river
b) music festival
c) chess tournament
d) town
e) farm
03- In Condom, there are __________historic monuments and ___________castles.
a) nineteen; two
b) eighteen; three
c) two; nineteen
d) three; eighteen
e) seventeen; three
04- Write (T) for true or (F) for false, according to the text.
a( ) Condom lies on the river Baïse
b( ) Baise means a sexual act in French
c( ) Condom was the see of a bishop until 1789
d( ) Condom is a very big city
e( ) Condom is a French town
05- Check the correct alternative:
* ___________________________is a Spanish town
a) Le Puy
b) Miradoux
c) Larressingle
d) Santiago de Compostela
e) Condom
Condom is a commune in south-western France in the department of Gers. This town was a bishopric from 1317 to 1792. Paris lies 567 km away and Toulouse lies 95 km away. The average temperature throughout the year is 15ºC and its website is www.condom.org.
Condom is a town on the Via Podiensis, one of the three major French arms of the pilgrimage route, the Way of St. James. This particular route begins in Le Puy and ends in Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain. Pilgrims arrive at Condom after Miradoux and continue on to Larressingle.
Name
Given the more widespread social use, in the English language, of the word condom, it is interesting to note that the town is located on the river Baïse; baise, without the diaeresis, is a French vulgarism for a sexual act. In European French however, a condom is usually called préservatif rather than a condom. It is also home to a museum of famous population-control devices.
Main sights
Condom is the site of two castles, the Château de Mothes and the Château de Pouypardin, both started in the 13th century. In total, 19 sites in Condom are listed as monuments historiques by the French Ministry of Culture, including the cathedral, churches and houses.
Condom is known for the production of Armagnac, an international music festival of "bandas", an international chess tournament and an international chess marathon. It is also known for its tourism with farm campings and boating on waterways.
01- Choose the correct alternative according to the text:
a) Condom is a Spanish town
b) The Condom Cathedral is a historic monument
c) Santiago de compostela lies in France
d) Baise means condom in France
e) diaeresis is a French vulgarism for a sexual act
02- Armagnac is a …
a) river
b) music festival
c) chess tournament
d) town
e) farm
03- In Condom, there are __________historic monuments and ___________castles.
a) nineteen; two
b) eighteen; three
c) two; nineteen
d) three; eighteen
e) seventeen; three
04- Write (T) for true or (F) for false, according to the text.
a( ) Condom lies on the river Baïse
b( ) Baise means a sexual act in French
c( ) Condom was the see of a bishop until 1789
d( ) Condom is a very big city
e( ) Condom is a French town
05- Check the correct alternative:
* ___________________________is a Spanish town
a) Le Puy
b) Miradoux
c) Larressingle
d) Santiago de Compostela
e) Condom
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