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Juliane Diller

               Juliane Diller (born 1954 in Lima as Juliane Margaret Köpcke) is best known for being the sole survivor of 93 passengers and crew in the December 24, 1971, crash of  (a LANSA Lockheed Electra OBLANSA Flight 508-R-941 commercial airliner) in the Peruvian rainforest.

Airplane crash

               Juliane Köpcke was a German high school senior studying in Lima, intending to become a zoologist, like her parents. She and her mother, famed ornithologist Maria Köpcke, were traveling to meet with her father, biologist Hans-Wilhelm Köpcke, who was working in Pucallpa.

The airplane was struck by lightning during a severe thunderstorm and exploded in mid-air, disintegrating 3.2 km up. Köpcke, who was 17 years old at the time, fell to earth still strapped into her seat. She survived the fall with only a broken collarbone, a gash to her right arm and her right eye swollen shut.

Her first priority was to find her mother, who had been seated next to her on the plane but her search was unsuccessful. She later found out her mother had died in the crash.

Köpcke was soon able to locate a small stream. She then waded through knee-high water downstream from her landing site, relying on the survival principle her father had taught her that tracking downstream should eventually lead to civilization. The stream also provided clean water and a natural path through the dense rainforest vegetation. After 9 days, she found a canoe and a nearby shelter, where she waited. Hours later, the lumbermen who resided in the shelter arrived and tended to her injuries & bug infestations. The next morning they took her via a 7-hour canoe ride down the river to a lumber station in Tournavista, from where she was airlifted with the help of a local pilot to her father and a hospital in Pucallpa.

 Subsequent events

                Her experience is the subject of two films, the first being the 1974 Giuseppe Maria Scotese film Miracoli accadono ancora, I (Miracles Still Happen), and the most recent being the 2000 Werner Herzog film Wings of Hope. Herzog was inspired to make the film as he narrowly avoided taking the very same flight while he was location scouting for Aguirre, Wrath of God. His reservation was canceled due to a last minute change in itinerary.

              Köpcke returned to Germany, where she fully recovered from her injuries and continued her studies, eventually earning a PhD degree in zoology, like her parents, in 1987. Now known as Dr. Juliane Diller, she specializes in mammalogy, studying bats in Munich, Germany, and working at the Munich Zoological Center, where she is a librarian. Juliane Koepcke's memoir Als ich vom Himmel fiel [When I Fell From the Sky] was published on March 10, 2011 by the German publisher Piper Malik.

              TEXT COMPREHENSION

01- Juliane Diller lives in______________.

a) Munich

b) Hamburg

c) Lima

d) Pucallpa

e) Cusco

02- Juliane's _________helped her survive immediately after the fall.

a) friends

b) knowledge

c) seat

d) mom

e) dad

03- On the airplane, there were ___________

passengers.

a) ninety one

b) ninety two

c) ninety three

d) ninety four

e) ninety five

04- The airplane crash happened in the ________________century.

a) seventeenth

b) eighteenth

c) nineteenth

d) twentieth

e) twenty first

05- Check the correct alternative according to the text:

a) Aguirre, Wrath of God is a film about the flight 508

b) The air crash happened 39 years ago

c) Juliane was rescued after seven days

d) Juliane's dad was a victim of flight 508 too

e) The air crash happened on Christmas Eve

The McDonalds

 TEXT  THE MCDONALDS

Richard J. McDonald (February 16, 1909 – July 14, 1998) and Maurice “Mac” McDonald (November 26, 1902 – December 11, 1971) were two early American fast food pioneers, originally from Manchester, New Hampshire, who established the first McDonald’s restaurant in 1940.

      The McDonald family were of Irish origin. Dick and Mac McDonald were born in the USA but their parents Patrick J. McDonald and Margarete were Irish.

      The brothers’ first food venture was a hot-dog stand in Monrovia, California called the Airdrome, opened in 1937. Using the profits generated, they closed it and opened their first restaurant, a barbecue drive-in in San Bernardino, California, on May 15, 1940.

      In 1954 a milkshake machine salesman, Ray Kroc, became inspired by the evident financial success of the brothers’ concept, immediately grasping the restaurant’s enormous potential. He partnered with the brothers, and within a few years turned their small restaurant into a huge franchise that would later become the McDonald’s Corporation. Dick and Mac McDonald sold him the full rights of McDonald’s. The brothers received $2.7 million for the chain. Although Kroc turned McDonald’s into a global giant, its guiding principles remained largely unchanged from those the McDonald brothers had devised in 1948.

      Mac McDonald died of cancer in 1971. Richard McDonald died in Manchester, New Hampshire in 1998, at  the age of 89. He is survived by his wife, Dorothy, a stepson, Gale French and two grandchildren.

      Ray Kroc was born to parents of Czech origin in Chicago, Illinois in 1902. Kroc died of a heart ailment  in San Diego, California, on January 14, 1984. Kroc was survived by his third wife, Joan B. Kroc. He had been married twice before. To Ethel Fleming (in 1922) and Jane Dobbins Green (1963) who had been John Wayne’s secretary.

        01-Complete in English:

         Dorothy McDonald was Mac McDonald's _____.

        A(  ) sister   B(  ) sister-in-law    C(  ) niece

        D(  ) cousin    E(  ) daughter

02-Ray Kroc had been married _____________________.

A(  )twice    B(  )thrice    C(  )four times

D(  )five times    E(  )six times

03-Gale French is Dick McDonald’s ___________________.

                A(  )son    B(  )stepson   C(  )nephew    D(  )brother   E(  )uncle

04-Ray Kroc was born in____________________.

A(  )San Diego    B(  )Monrovia      C(  )San Bernadino     D(  )Chicago   E(  )Manchester

05-Dick and Mac McDonald were__________________.

A(  )just friends    B(  )brothers-in-law

C(  )nephews    D(  )cousins    E(  )siblings

THE FINAL COUNTDOWN

THE FINAL COUNTDOWN

THE WHITE HOUSE

THE WHITE HOUSE

1. It has a twin house in Ireland

          When Irish architect James Hoban entered a newspaper contest to find a builder for the “President’s House” in 1792, it’s thought that he based his winning design on the Leinster House in Dublin. Today, it’s the home of the Irish Parliament.

2. It’s absolutely massive

          There are 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, 28 fireplaces, 412 doors, and 147 windows spread across the six elevator-laden levels of the mansion.

3. There’s tons of supercool “secret” rooms

          While everyone’s familiar with White House spaces like the Oval Office, the Situation Room, and Press Briefing Room, most folks don’t realize that the mansion also houses tons of niche rooms added by the presidents through the years.

From the movie theater to the Calligraphy Office, Game Room, Music Room, and the Solarium, there’s also a Chocolate Shop, Flower Shop and dentist’s office on the ground floor.

4. But not every president has enjoyed living there

          As lush as life at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue may seem, not every president has called it a happy home. President Truman was quoted as describing it as "the great white jail" and "a glamorous prison,” while President Nixon famously talked with the presidential portraits during his final, alcohol-buzzed days there.

5. George Washington never lived there

          Though the nation's first Commander chose the site of the presidential mansion, he left office in 1797 and died in 1799, a year before construction was completed, according to the White House Historical Association. John Adams and Abigail Adams were the first residents, and all presidents since have called it home during their time in office.

6. It was built by slaves

          According to Smithsonian, historic payroll documents reveal that many builders involved with constructing the White House were enslaved. The architect James Hoban employed his own slaves  Ben, Daniel, and Peter as carpenters on the project.

7. Teddy Roosevelt dubbed it the “White House”

          Before the 26^th president made the nickname official in 1901, the president’s home was known by several different names like the President's Palace, the President's House, and the Executive Mansion, according to the White House Historical Association.

8. It was updated as wheelchair-accessible for FDR

          The residence was updated as wheelchair accessible when Franklin D. Roosevelt moved in in 1933, one of the first government buildings in D.C. to do so, according to the FDR Library.

9. Exotic pets have called it home  

          Exoctic pets who have called 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue home include John Quincy Adams’ alligator that lived in the bathroom, Theodore Roosevelt’s daughter’s snake, Emily Spinach, and Calvin Coolidge’s menagerie that included a bear cub, lion cubs, a bobcat, a wallaby, and a pygmy hippopotamus.

                T  E  X  T       C  O  M  P  R  E  H  E N   S  I  O  N

01-Complete: ______________________was the first president to live in the White House.

a)George Washington           b)Richard Nixon             c)John Adams

d)Harry Truman                      e)James Hoban

02-Choose the correct sentence according to the text:

a)Ben, Daniel and Peter were Teddy Roosevelt’s slaves

b)There are thirty four bathrooms in the White House

c)Teddy Roosevelt had a snake as a pet

d)Richard Nixon described the White House as the Great White Jail

e)The Leinster House is the home of the Irish Parliament

03-Complete: _____________________was the 26^th president of the USA.

a)Franklin D. Roosevelt          b)Richard Nixon           c)George Washington

d)Harry Truman                       e)Teddy Roosevelt

04-Who called the White House a glamorous prison?

a)Abigail Adams          b)James Hoban            c)Harry Truman

d)Richard Nixon          e)F. D. Roosevelt

05-Daniel, Ben and Peter were _____________________.

a)presidents        b)architects            c)commanders           d)mayors           e)slaves