Hell's kitchen

Hell's Kitchen, also known as Clinton and Midtown West, is a neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City between 34th Street and 59th Street, from 8th Avenue to the Hudson River.
Hell's Kitchen's gritty reputation had made its housing prices lower than elsewhere in Manhattan. Given the lower costs in the past and its proximity to Broadway theaters, the neighborhood is a haven for aspiring actors. Many famous actors and entertainers have resided there, including Burt Reynolds, Bob Hope, Charlton Heston, James Dean, Madonna, Jerry Seinfeld, Larry David, and John Michael Bolger. This is due in large part to the Actors Studio on West 44th, which rose to prominence under Lee Strasberg and is famed for its method acting style.
Natives of Hell’s Kitchen
George Raft (born George Ranft; September 26, 1901 – November 24, 1980) was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas (mob films) of the 1930s and 1940s. A stylish leading man in dozens of movies, today George Raft is mostly known for his gangster roles in Billy Wilder's 1959 comedy Some Like it Hot, the original Scarface (1932), and Each Dawn I Die (1939), and as a dancer in Bolero (1934) and a truck driver in They Drive by Night (1940). Raft's real-life association with the New York mob gave his on-screen image an added realism.
Alicia Keys was born Alicia Augello Cook on January 25, 1981, in the Hell's Kitchen area of Manhattan, in New York City. She is the only child of Teresa Augello, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook, a flight attendant
Sylvester Stallone was baptized and raised Catholic. He spent his first five years in Hell's Kitchen, bouncing between foster homes while his parents endured a troubled marriage. His father, a beautician, moved the family to Washington, D.C., where he opened a beauty school. His mother opened a women's gymnasium called Barbella's in 1954. His parents divorced when he was nine, and he eventually lived with his mother. He attended Notre Dame Academy and Lincoln High School in Philadelphia. He attended Charlotte Hall Military Academy prior to attending Miami Dade College and the University of Miami.
Mario Gianluigi Puzo (October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was an Italian American author and screenwriter, known for his novels about the Mafia, including The Godfather (1969), which he later co-adapted into a film by Francis Ford Coppola. He won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in both 1972 and 1974. Puzo was born into a poor family from Pietradefusi, Province of Avellino, Campania, Italy living in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of New York. Many of his books draw heavily on this heritage. After graduating from the City College of New York, he joined the United States Army Air Forces in World War II. Due to his poor eyesight, the military did not let him undertake combat duties but made him a public relations officer stationed in Germany. In 1950, his first short story, The Last Christmas, was published in American Vanguard. After the war, he wrote his first book, The Dark Arena, which was published in 1955.
TEXT COMPREHENSION

01-Check the correct sentence according to the text:
a)Mario Puzo wrote The Dark Arena during the World War II.
b)Francis Ford Coppola wrote The Godfather.
c)Burt Reynolds was born in New York City.
d)George Raft wrote Some Like it Hot.
e)Sylvester Stallone was born in Hell’s Kitchen.

02-Mario Puzo was born in _________________.
a)Italy b)the USA c)Germany d)England e)Austria

03-______________________had relationship with the New York organized crime.
a)Lee Strasberg b)George Raft c)Madonna d)John Bolger d)Larry David e)Alicia Keys

04- ____________________was born in New York City.
a)Alicia Keys b)Bob Hope c)Charlton Heston d)James Dean e)Jerry Seinfeld

05-The word “gritty” (line 3) means:
a)game b)plucky c)bold d)coarse, rough, harsh e)courageous

Colgate University

Colgate University is a private liberal arts college in Hamilton, New York, USA. The school was founded in 1819 as a Baptist seminary and later became non-denominational. It is named for the Colgate family who greatly contributed to the university's endowment in the 19th century. William Colgate (January 25, 1783 – March 25, 1857) was an English manufacturer who founded what became the Colgate toothpaste company in 1806.
The student body comes from 47 states and 42 countries. In its 2012 edition, U.S. News and World Report ranked Colgate as the 21st best liberal arts college in the country. Colgate ranked 37th in the 2011 edition of "America's Best Colleges" from Forbes.com.
Colgate is located on a rural 515 acre (2.08 km²) campus in Central New York which was listed as the most beautiful in the country in the 2010 edition of the Princeton Review. Despite an undergraduate population of only 2,800, Colgate is a member of the Patriot League conference of the NCAA Division I.
Admissions
Students apply to Colgate from all over the world: most recently from 121 countries. According to Newsweek, Colgate competes most commonly with Cornell, Dartmouth, Middlebury, and Georgetown for students.
The number 13 is considered to be lucky to Colgate. It is said that Colgate was founded by thirteen men with thirteen dollars and thirteen prayers. This manifests itself in a number of ways, such as Colgate's address (13 Oak Drive); zip code, 13346, which begins with 13 and the last 3 numbers add up to 13. The number shows up in student organizations such as Konosioni, the senior honor society, which is composed of thirteen men and thirteen women. Alumni are asked to wear Colgate apparel on every Friday the 13th.
TEXT COMPREHENSION

01-Which number is considered to be lucky to Colgate?
a) eleven b) twelve c) thirteen d) fourteen e) fifteen

02-When William Colgate passed away, he was seventy______________years old.
a) one b) two c) three d) four e) five

03-Choose the correct sentence according to the text:
a) Colgate University is the best liberal arts university in the country
b) Colgate University is the best college in the world
c) William Colgate studied at the Colgate University
d) Forbes.com ranked Colgate university as America’s best college
e) Colgate University was founded in the nineteenth century

04-William Colgate was born in ________________.
a) Canada b) England c) the USA d) France e) Italy

05-Choose the correct sentence according to the text:
a) Colgate University was established in eighteen nineteen
b) Colgate toothpaste company was founded at Colgate University
c) Colgate University has 2010 students
d) Colgate University lies in New York City
e) Colgate is located on a rural 208 acre campus in Central New York

06-The last sentence of the text has ______________verbs.
a)two b) three c) four d) five e) six

Nathaniel R. Brazill

Nathaniel R. Brazill (born September 22, 1986) is an American student who was charged at age 13 with the murder of one of his school teachers, Barry Grunow.
Shooting and conviction
On May 26, 2000, the last day of 1999–2000 school year, Brazill shot and killed Barry Gunrow, a teacher at Lake Worth Middle School in Florida. Lake Worth is a city in Palm Beach County. As of 2010, the population was 34,910. It lies 60 miles (97km) north of downtown Miami. He was convicted of second degree murder and aggravated assault. Brazill was sentenced to 28 years in state prison followed by 7 years of felony probation. He is incarcerated at the Hardee Correctional Institution. His release date is May 18, 2028.
Still, the question remains whether the seventh-grader deserved more or less. The judge may have ordered him to get his GED and take anger-management courses in prison, but can Nate be properly rehabilitated growing up inside? How much should he suffer for one fatal mistake? He had been an honor student. He had been mild mannered and likeable, the kind of kid whom teachers and principals relied upon to help settle schoolyard disputes. He loved school, and he loved Barry Grunow.
On the last day of school in May 2000, Nate was sent home early because he had been throwing water balloons. He was told to leave school, before he had a chance to say goodbyes to teenager Dinora Rosales, his first serious girlfriend who only six days earlier had given him his first kiss. Fuming, he went home, got a gun belonging to his grandfather and returned to the school, where he stood outside Grunow’s classroom and demanded to see his girlfriend. Grunow did not take him seriously enough, so he cocked the gun. Then he fired one bullet, which struck Grunow in the head. As his favorite teacher lay dying, Nate ran.
In an interview with TIME before the jury convicted him in May, Nate said he did not intend to pull the trigger. It just happened.

TEXT COMPREHENSION

01- Choose the correct alternative according to the text:
a)Brazill loved Barry Grunow
b)Brazill got death penalty
c)Brazill has got his GED
d)Dinora Rosales is Brazill’s niece
e)On May 18, 2028 Brazill will be completely free

02- When Nathaniel R. Brazill murdered his school teacher, he was ___________years old.
a) twelve b) thirteen c) fourteen d) fifteen e) sixteen

03-The murder took place in _________________.
a)Miami b)New York c)Lake Worth d)Hardee Correctional Institute
e) Brazil

04- Nathaniel Brazill’s penalty is twenty_____________________years.
a) five b) six c) seven d) eight e) nine

05-Nathaniel Brazill will be completely free in twenty thirty ________.
a) one b) two c) three d) four e) five

Bar, Ukraine

BAR, UKRAINE

Bar is a city located on the Rov River in the Vinnytsia Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Barskyi Raion (district), and is part of the historic region of Podolia. The current estimated population is 17,776 (01.nov.2011).
History
The city was a small trade outpost named Row. In the 16th century, Polish Queen Bona Sforza founded a fortress at the rock over the river and named it Bar, after her home town of Bari in Italy. In 1540, Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted the nearby town with city rights. The fortress was besieged several times in its history and was considered unbreakable. However, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 it was captured by the cossacks under Maxym Kryvonis and severely damaged. The town was depopulated soon afterwords.
In 1672, it was captured by the Ottoman Empire and became a seat of the local administration. On November 12, 1674, the town and the fortress were recaptured by the forces of John III of Poland after four days of siege. But Ottomans recaptured the city in 1675 and retained it until 1686 (nominally until 1699). It was constantly ravaged by Turks and Poles between 1686 and 1699. On February 29, 1768, the Bar Confederation was started in the fortress. After the Second Partition of Poland the town fell under Russian rule and was part of Podillia Governorate. A famous 19th century mathematician, Viktor Bunyakovsky was born in the city in 1804. Jacobo Timerman, a Jewish editor, was also born in Bar in 1923, but his family emigrated to Argentina in 1928, where he fought the Dirty War with his editorials. After 1922 the city was part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and since 1991 in independent Ukraine.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01-The Dirty War took place in __________________.
a) Italy b) Poland c) Ukraine d)Argentina e) Brazil

02-Check the correct sentence according to the text:
A)The Bar’s current population is 7,000
B)Bona Sforza was a Ukrainian queen
C)Bar lies in Ukraine
D)Sigismund I was a Ukrainian king
E)Jacobo Timerman was a mathematician

03- Complete:
* ____________________is a city.
a) Oblast b) Podolia c) Ukraine d) Poland e) Bari

04- Ukraine has been an independent nation since _________________________.
A) Nineteen ninety b)Nineteen ninety one c)Nineteen ninety two
d)Nineteen ninety three e)Nineteen ninety four

05- Choose the correct alternative according to the text:
A) Victor Bunyakovsky was mayor of Bar
B) Bar belonged to Argentina in 1928
C) Bar belonged to Italy
D) Bar belonged to Russia
E) Bar belonged to Germany

Eva Braun

TEXT
Eva Anna Paula Hitler (née Braun; 6 February 1912 – 30 April 1945) was the longtime companion of Adolf Hitler and, for less than 40 hours, his wife. Braun met Hitler in Munich when she was 17 years old, while she was working as an assistant and model for his personal photographer, and began seeing him often about two years later. She attempted suicide twice during their early relationship. By 1936, she was a part of his household at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden and lived a sheltered life throughout World War II. Braun was a photographer, and many of the surviving colour photographs and films of Hitler were taken by her. She was a key figure within Hitler's inner social circle, but did not attend public events with him until mid-1944, when her sister Gretl married Hermann Fegelein, the SS liaison officer on his staff.
As the Third Reich collapsed towards the end of the war, Braun swore loyalty to Hitler and went to Berlin to be by his side in the heavily reinforced Führerbunker beneath the Reich Chancellery. As Red Army troops fought their way into the neighbourhood on 29 April 1945, she married Hitler during a brief civil ceremony; she was 33 and he was 56. Less than 40 hours later, they committed suicide together in a sitting room of the bunker, she by biting into a capsule of cyanide. The German public was unaware of Braun's relationship with Hitler until after her death.
•
Born in Munich, Eva Braun was the second daughter of school teacher Friedrich "Fritz" Braun and Franziska "Fanny" Kronberger, who had worked as a seamstress before her marriage. Her elder sister, Ilse, was born in 1909 and her younger sister, Margarete (Gretl), was born in 1915. Braun's parents were divorced in April 1921, but remarried in November 1922, likely for financial reasons (hyperinflation was plaguing the German economy at the time). Braun was educated at a Catholic lyceum in Munich, and then for one year at a business school in the Convent of the English Sisters in Simbach am Inn, where she had average grades and a talent for athletics. At age 17 she took a job working for Heinrich Hoffmann, the official photographer for the Nazi Party. Initially employed as a shop assistant and sales clerk, she soon learned how to use a camera and develop photos. She met Hitler, 23 years her senior, at Hoffmann's studio in Munich in October 1929. He had been introduced to her as "Herr Wolff". Eva's sister, Gretl, also worked for Hoffman from 1932 onward, and the women rented an apartment together for a time. Gretl accompanied her sister on her later trips with Hitler to the Obersalzberg.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
01- Check the correct sentence according to the text:
a) Eva Braun was shy
b) Braun met Hitler in 1929
c) Braun tried suicide twice before meeting Hitler
d) Braun’s political sway was huge
e) Braun was born in Berlin

02- When Hitler died, he was fifty _________________years old.
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
e) six

03- Eva Braun had ________________sisters.
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
e) Six

04- Hitler’s father-in-law was a_________________________.
a) Soldier
b) Photographer
c) Bus driver
d) Lieutenant
e) Teacher

05- The word “sway” means:
a) Force
b) Friendship
c) Influence
d) Luxury
e) history